BROMINE

Did you know that bromine is a chemical used to clean hot tubs?

A Michael Mello Presentation

Want to find out more about hot tubs?

To comment on the page e-mail me

Atomic Number:  35

Atomic Mass:  79.904 g/mole

Common Isotopes:79Br, 81Br, 82Br

Ground State Electron Configuration: [Ar] 3d^10 4s^2 4p^5

Common Oxidation States:  7, 5, 3, 1, -1

Physical Appearance:  Redish-Brown liquid

Physical Properties:  Melting Point= -7.2 degrees C, Boiling Point= 58.78 degrees C, Crystal Structure= Orthorhombic, Density= 3.119 g/cm^3

Electronegativity:  2.7, 2.8

Source:  Occurs in compounds in sea water

Price per Gram: $5.76

Uses:  Aside from its use as a hot tub cleaner, bromine is also used in dyes, disinfectants and photographic chemicals.

 

Physical data

Electronic data   Thermal data   Steric data
Shells: 2,8,18,7
Orbitals: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5
Electronegativity: 2.7, 2.8
1. Ionization potential: 11.8138 eV
2. Ionization potential: 21.8 eV
3. Ionization potential: 36.0 eV
Oxidation states: 7,5,3,1,-1
Electrical conductivity: --
 Melting point: -7.2 °C
Boiling point: 58.78 °C
Specific heat: 0.473 J/gK
Heat of fusion: 5.286 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 15.438 kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity: 0.00122 W/cmK
 Atomic radius: 1.12 Å
Ionic radius: 1.96 Å ()
Covalent radius: 1.14 Å
Atomic volume: 25.6 cm³/mol
Density (293 K): 3.119 g/cm³
Crystal structure: Orthorhombic

Isotopes
Nuclide Abundance [%] Mass Spin Halflife Decay mode Decay tree
76Br 0 76 1 16.0h Beta+,EC View
77Br 0 76.921 3/2 2.376d EC,Beta+ View
79Br 50.54 78.9183 3/2 -- stable --
80Br 0 80 1 17.66m Beta-,EC,Beta+ View
80Brm 0 80 9/2 4.42h IT View
81Br 49.46 80.9163 3/2 -- stable --
82Br0 81.917 5 1.471d b- br82d.gif View
83Br 0 83 3/2 2.40h Beta-,b- View
84Br 0 84 2 31.8m Beta- View
85Br 0 85 3/2 2.87m Beta-,b- View

Other info
Name origin: Greek: brômos (stench)
Description: Redish-brown liquid.
Discovered by: Antoine J. Balard
Year: 1826
Place: France
Sources: Occurs in compounds in sea water.
Use(s): It was once used in large quantities to make a compound that removed lead compound build up in engines burning leaded gasoline. Now it is primarily used in dyes, disinfectants, and photographic chemicals.